![]() The generic name Anacardium is composed of the Greek prefix ana- (), the Greek cardia (), and the New Latin suffix. Its English name derives from the Portuguese name for the fruit of the cashew tree: (), also known as, which itself is from the Tupian word, literally meaning "nut that produces itself". Distribution and habitatĪnacardium occidentale, from Köhler's Medicinal Plants (1887) The seed is surrounded by a double shell that contains an allergenic phenolic resin, anacardic acid-which is a potent skin irritant chemically related to the better-known and also toxic allergenic oil urushiol, which is found in the related poison ivy and lacquer tree. The drupe becomes the true fruit, a single shell-encased seed, which is often considered a nut in the culinary sense. The drupe first develops on the tree and then the pedicel expands to become the cashew apple. The true fruit of the cashew tree is a kidney– or boxing-glove–shaped drupe that grows at the end of the cashew apple. Called the cashew apple, better known in Central America as, it ripens into a yellow or red structure about 5–11 cm long. What appears to be the fruit is an oval or pear-shaped structure, a hypocarpium, that develops from the pedicel and the receptacle of the cashew flower. The fruit of the cashew tree is an accessory fruit (sometimes called a pseudocarp or false fruit). The largest cashew tree in the world covers an area around 7500 m2 and is located in Natal, Brazil. The flowers are produced in a panicle or corymb up to 26 cm long each flower is small, pale green at first, then turning reddish, with five slender, acute petals 7-15 mm long. The leaves are spirally arranged, leathery textured, elliptic to obovate, 4-22 cm long and 2-15 cm broad, with smooth margins. The cashew tree is large and evergreen, growing to 14 m tall, with a short, often irregularly shaped trunk. Vietnam was the largest processor of cashew globally in 2020. Vietnam, Burundi, and the Philippines also had significant production. In 2020, global production of cashew nuts (as the kernel) was 4,180,990 tonnes, led by Ivory Coast and India with a combined 39% of the world total (table). Grafting and other modern tree management technologies are used to further improve and sustain cashew nut yields in commercial orchards. The cashew nut yields for the traditional tree are about 0.25 metric tons per hectare, in contrast to over a ton per hectare for the dwarf variety. More recent breeds, such as the dwarf cashew trees, are up to 6 m tall, and start producing after the first year, with economic yields after three years. ![]() The traditional cashew tree is tall (up to 14 m) and takes three years from planting before it starts production, and eight years before economic harvests can begin. The cashew tree is cultivated in the tropics between 25°N and 25°S, and is well-adapted to hot lowland areas with a pronounced dry season, where the mango and tamarind trees also thrive. Fluctuations in world market prices, poor working conditions, and low pay for local harvesting have caused discontent in the cashew nut industry. In 2014, rapid growth of cashew cultivation in Ivory Coast made this country the top African exporter. The cashew apple is a light reddish to yellow fruit, whose pulp and juice can be processed into a sweet, astringent fruit drink or fermented and distilled into liquor. The shell of the cashew seed yields derivatives that can be used in many applications including lubricants, waterproofing, paints, and, starting in World War II, arms production.Jostock, "Cashew Industry", p. As well as the nut and fruit, the plant has several other uses. In 2019, four million tonnes of cashew nuts were produced globally, with Ivory Coast and India as the leading producers. ![]() Cashew allergies are triggered by the proteins found in tree nuts, and cooking often does not remove or change these proteins. Like the tree, the nut is often simply called a cashew. The cashew seed is commonly considered a snack nut (cashew nut) eaten on its own, used in recipes, or processed into cashew cheese or cashew butter. ![]() The tree can grow as tall as 14 m, but the dwarf cultivars, growing up to 6 m, prove more profitable, with earlier maturity and greater yields. The cashew tree (Anacardium occidentale) is a tropical evergreen tree that produces the cashew seed and the cashew apple accessory fruit. ![]()
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